Application Of Cellular Automata Research Articles

Research on the application of cellular automata and improved BP neural network in road design of logistics park

With large-scale construction of the Logistics Parks, it has become an urgent problem to quantitatively analyze, evaluate and optimize the logistics park designing, which needs to be solved scientifically. At present, more of the domestic logistics park planning of a part of the qualitative analysis, the lack of quantitative and overall study, resulting in internal structure disjointed. Based on cellular automata theory, this paper presents a hybrid traffic flow model which is more suitable for the traffic characteristics of the logistics park, and analyzes the complexity of the collection and evacuation system in the logistics park, combined with BP neural network and its improved algorithm, the method of road design in Logistics Park is studied and the feasibility and validity of the model and algorithm are verified by an example. The train of thought is expected to provide for the planning and construction of the internal road in the logistics park.

An Application of Cellular Automata (CA) and Markov Chain (MC) Model in Urban Growth Prediction: A case of Surat City, Gujarat, India

The main purpose of this study is to detect land use land cover change for 1990-2000, 2000-2010, and 2010-2020 using multispectral Landsat images as well as to simulate and predict urban growth of Surat city using Cellular Automata-based Markov Chain Model. Maximum likelihood supervise classification was used to generate LULC maps of the years 1990,2000,2010, and 2020 and the overall accuracy of these maps were 90%, 95%, 91.25%, and 96.25%, respectively. Two transition rules were commuted to predict the LULC of 2010 and 2020. For validation of these LULC maps, the Area Under Characteristics curve was used, and these maps' accuracy was 95.30% and 86.90%. This validation predicted LULC maps for the years 2035 and 2050. Transition rules of 2010-2035 showed that there will be a probability that 36.33% of vegetation area and 40.27% of the vacant land area will be transited into built-up by the year 2035, and it will be 49.20 % of the total area. Also, 57.77% of the vegetation area and 60.24% of the built-up area will be transformed into urban areas by the year 2050, almost 62.60 %. Analysis of LULC maps 2035 and 2050 exhibits that there will be abundant growth in all directions except the South Zone and Southwest Zone. Therefore, this study helps urban planners and decision-makers decide what to retain, where to plan for new development and type of development, what to connect, and what to protect in coming years.

Application of cellular automata in neuroscience: dynamic models of neuron populations

Application of cellular automata in neuroscience: dynamic models of neuron populations

Cryptographic Algorithm Based on Hybrid One-Dimensional Cellular Automata

The theory and application of cellular automata (CA) for a stream cipher-based encryption principle are presented in this study. Certain fundamental transformations are developed based on CA theory regarding decentralized computation for modeling different system’s behavior. The changes governing state transitions rely on simple evolution rules, which can easily be translated into functions using logic operators. A class of linear hybrid cellular automata (LHCA) based on rules 90 and 150 is used to implement these functions. Symmetric key systems theory is the foundation of the suggested algorithm. The algorithm functions use the proprieties provided by the LHCA evolution in order to convert plain text into cipher text and vice versa, in each case starting from the same initial state of the system and performing the same number of steps for each operation. Cellular automata’s parallel information processing property, in addition to their regular and dynamical structure, makes hardware implementation of such schemes best suited for VLSI implementation. Testing of the proposed algorithm was performed by developing both software and hardware solutions. Hardware implementation of the presented cryptosystem was developed using VHDL hardware description language and a FPGA device (XILINX Spartan3E XC3S500E). Design and software simulations have been carried out using the C# programming language.

Secure One-Way Hash Function Using Cellular Automata for IoT

In the era of the Internet of Things (IoT), security is a very important issue. Recently, some security studies have been proposed based on the applications of Cellular Automata (CA). These works have the simplicity and high speed computation of CA, and are suitable for the resource-constrained IoT. In this paper, we make use of CA and propose a sliding-window CA (SWCA)-based one-way hash function. The sliding-window captures input data randomly for operation and promotes the chaos of the hash function. The proposed one-way hash function possesses high sensitivity to the input data and the one-way feature. Its performance exhibits good collision resistance along with well cryptographic characteristics. For statistical analysis, the mean changed probability is close to 50%. It can resist differential attack under the NPCR and UACI values, which are at least 99% and 33%, respectively.

Application of Cellular Automata with Improved Dynamic Analysis in Evacuation Management of Sports Events

In this paper, the cellular automaton simulation technology is applied to the evacuation management of sports events, combined with the dynamic analysis method to analyze the collision of people in the evacuation process. At the same time, the cellular automaton model is used to refine the evacuation space to simplify environmental modeling, and the network model is used to determine the individual evacuation path from a macroperspective, simplify modeling, and improve simulation efficiency. In addition, this article simulates the evacuation process of the cellular automaton according to the actual evacuation situation of sports events and constructs the evacuation management system of sports events. Finally, this article evaluates the effect of the model in conjunction with experiments. The experimental results show that the role of the evacuation management system for sports events based on cellular automata proposed in this paper is obvious.

Cellular Automata in the Economy: Application to the Behavior Theory of the Consumers

The application of cellular automata is a technique of modelling complex systems with broad uses into the economy, especially into the approach of game theory. In this research the author pretends to use a model of cellular automata related to a probabilistic model to estimate the entropy in an economical system with the objective of analyze satisfaction or non-satisfaction in the behavior of consumers, and understand how cellular automata allow visualize the dynamical of consumption. The method used in this research was based in the idea to describe the dynamics of consumption considering a cellular automata 2D which represents prices versus goods, and the dynamics of it shows how consumption behaves. For that purpose a Schelling´s model was used including a model of interchange game and Gibbs distribution to understand the trends of entropy of the economic system. There were analyzed four possibilities in the evolution of the system regarding previously the entropy into the evolution of the system. The results reflect preliminary data to regard improvements in the model as a preliminary model in order to consider it as an application of the Econophysics to studies of theory of consume through the utilization of cellular automata class four.

Application of Cellular Automata in Bi-Objective Operation of Multi Reservoir Systems

Optimal operation of multi-reservoir systems is one the most challenging problems in water resource management due to their multi-objective nature and time-consuming solving process. In this paper, Multi-Reservoir Parallel Cellular Automata-Simulated Annealing (MPCA-SA), a hybrid method based on cellular automata and simulated annealing is presented for solving bi-objective operations of multi-reservoir systems problems. The problem considers the bi-objective operation of a multi-reservoir system with the two conflicting objectives of water supply and hydropower generation. The MPCA-SA method uses two single-objective cellular automata acting in parallel to explore the problem search space and find the optimal solutions based on the probabilistic interaction with each other. Bi-objective operation of the Dez-Gotvand-Masjed Soleyman three-reservoir system, as a real-world system in southwestern Iran for a period of 60 months, is considered in order to evaluate the ability of the proposed method. In addition, a Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGAII) is also used to solve the problems and the results are compared with those of MPCA-SA, indicating the capabilities of the proposed MPCA-SA method. The results show that the MPCA-SA method is able to produce solutions comparable to those of NSGAII with a much-reduced computational cost equal to 1.2% of that required by the NSGAII, emphasizing the efficiency and practicality of the proposed method.

Computational Design Thinking through Cellular Automata: Reflections from Design Studios

The current technologies have created a shift from Computer Aided Design to Computational Design in architecture. Computational design allows inquiries into what can be implicit knowledge in traditional design thinking, enables the definition of the mechanisms of design process and formulations of design knowledge and representation, and defines generative and evaluative knowledge. The purpose of this study is to discuss how Cellular Automata can be utilized in design studios to develop computational design thinking, through the examination of Frazer’s and Herr's studio works. After finding matching concepts and comparisons of Cellular Automata methods used in two design studios, the concept of ‘computation’ in Cellular Automaton studies and contributions of using this generative method in design studio will be discussed. In other words, this study will examine the content of Computational Design Thinking through Cellular Automata applications and their contributions to design education. As a result, since Cellular Automata methods are exploratory processes. They enhance seeing, reaching the whole from the parts, noticing the relationships and patterns between the parts and re-inventing them during and after the generative process. For these reasons, Cellular Automata have an important role in the development of computational design thinking in design studios with different concepts and setups.

Computational Design Thinking through Cellular Automata: Reflections from Design Studios

The current technologies have created a shift from Computer Aided Design to Computational Design in architecture. Computational design allows inquiries into what can be implicit knowledge in traditional design thinking, enables the definition of the mechanisms of design process and formulations of design knowledge and representation, and defines generative and evaluative knowledge. The purpose of this study is to discuss how Cellular Automata can be utilized in design studios to develop computational design thinking, through the examination of Frazer’s and Herr's studio works. After finding matching concepts and comparisons of Cellular Automata methods used in two design studios, the concept of ‘computation’ in Cellular Automaton studies and contributions of using this generative method in design studio will be discussed. In other words, this study will examine the content of Computational Design Thinking through Cellular Automata applications and their contributions to design education. As a result, since Cellular Automata methods are exploratory processes. They enhance seeing, reaching the whole from the parts, noticing the relationships and patterns between the parts and re-inventing them during and after the generative process. For these reasons, Cellular Automata have an important role in the development of computational design thinking in design studios with different concepts and setups.

Academic Insights and Perspectives: Cellular Automata and Production Scheduling

The cellular automata algorithm is one of the most important developments recently and is becoming an area of great potential in scheduling problems. There has been an increase in the quality and quantity of publications related to this topic. To formally illustrate the research status of the cellular automata algorithm at the global level, bibliometric analysis was used based on the Web of Science and Scopus databases, and 3086 documents were retrieved from different countries and regions. Institutions, journals, authors, research areas, author keywords, and highly cited articles are discussed in detail. The results show that the USA and China are the dominant countries in this field. The USA is the most active country cooperating with other 47 countries or regions, especially with China. The Journal of Cellular Automata is the most productive journal in this field, and the Democritus University of Thrace is the most productive institution also with the highest h-index. “Computer Science” is the most investigated area, with 544 documents involved. In addition, the major topics focused by author keywords are “genetic algorithm,” “swarm intelligence,” and “evolutionary computation.” In addition, the cellular automata algorithm is viewed as a new and effective method to solve the scheduling problems in manufacturing system; meanwhile, historical developments of the application of cellular automata in scheduling are displayed and analyzed.

Modelling urban change with cellular automata: Contemporary issues and future research directions

The study of land use change in urban and regional systems has been dramatically transformed in the last four decades by the emergence and application of cellular automata (CA) models. CA models simulate urban land use changes which evolve from the bottom-up. Despite notable achievements in this field, there remain significant gaps between urban processes simulated in CA models and the actual dynamics of evolving urban systems. This article identifies contemporary issues faced in developing urban CA models and draws on this evidence to map out four interrelated thematic areas that require concerted attention by the wider CA urban modelling community. These are: (1) to build models that comprehensively capture the multi-dimensional processes of urban change, including urban regeneration, densification and gentrification, in-fill development, as well as urban shrinkage and vertical urban growth; (2) to establish models that incorporate individual human decision behaviours into the CA analytic framework; (3) to draw on emergent sources of ‘big data’ to calibrate and validate urban CA models and to capture the role of human actors and their impact on urban change dynamics; and (4) to strengthen theory-based CA models that comprehensively explain urban change mechanisms and dynamics. We conclude by advocating cellular automata that embed agent-based models and big data input as the most promising analytical framework through which we can enhance our understanding and planning of the contemporary urban change dynamics.

A novel model to simulate cloud dynamics with cellular automaton

In real system simulations, the application of cellular automata has been shown as an interesting option, because it can represent an emergent behavior and its implementation is simple. This paper presents a method for simulating thermodynamic systems, such as cloud dynamics, with cellular automata. In accordance with thermodynamic principles, this paper presents an isolated system model that describes temperature dynamics. The model uses the Von Neumann neighborhood of five cells, each with two possible states: the presence or absence of a cloud or a part of it. Our model uses three weather properties, as follows, condensed cloud water particles, temperature and outer winds. Four types of experiments were performed to validate the model proposed: (i) a warm body in the environment, (ii) a cloud dynamic simulation, (iii) a stability analysis, and (iv) a comparison between the dynamic of the proposed model and satellite images of clouds.

Cellular automata: Towards possible applications in urban design education and practice | Autômatos celulares: visando possíveis aplicações no ensino e na prática do urbanismo

This article investigates how Cellular Automata have been applied to the design process in the fields of architectural and urban design. It begins by systematically mapping published applications of Cellular Automata in the design process in order to outline the state of the art. The methods employed in the reviewed papers are analyzed and contrasted in order to develop a conceptual framework to guide future applications of Cellular Automata as a tool in the urban design process in academic environments, aiming at future applications in actual practice.

Cellular automata-based approach for salt-and-pepper noise filtration

Application of cellular automata (CA) to digital image processing has achieved considerable attention in last several years. CA are now employed in noise filtration of digital images; particularly many CA-based impulse noise filters have been proposed. Salt-and-pepper noise is a special kind of impulse noise and is introduced in an image during transmission over transmission media by external noise sources like atmospheric disturbances, or due to corrupted hardware memory locations or fault in camera sensors. In this paper, we present five salt-and-pepper noise filters based on modifications of outer totalistic cellular automata (OTCA) with the adaptive neighborhood. Use of OTCA model makes the proposed filters computationally simple on one hand and the use of adaptive neighborhood help the filters to provide efficient noise filtration at varying noise densities on the other. Comparative analysis of these filters followed by comparison with several standard and CA-based filters in terms of peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity (SSIM) index is presented.

Application of cellular automata and Lattice Boltzmann methods for modelling of additive layer manufacturing

PurposeThe holistic numerical model based on cellular automata (CA) and lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) are being developed as part of an integrated modelling approach applied to study the interaction of different physical mechanisms in laser-assisted additive layer manufacturing (ALM) of orthopaedic implants. Several physical events occurring in sequence or simultaneously are considered in the holistic model. They include a powder bed deposition, laser energy absorption and heating of the powder bed by the moving laser beam, leading to powder melting or sintering, fluid flow in the melted pool and flow through partly or not melted material, and solidification. The purpose of this study is to develop a structure of the holistic numerical model based on CA and LBM applicable for studying the interaction of the different physical mechanisms in ALM of orthopaedic implants. The model supposed to be compatible with the earlier developed CA-based model for the generation of the powder bed.Design/methodology/approachThe mentioned physical events are accompanied by heat transfer in solid and liquid phases including interface heat transfer at the boundaries. The sintering/melting model is being developed using LBM as an independent numerical method for hydrodynamic simulations originated from lattice gas cellular automata. It is going to be coupled with the CA-based model of powder bed generation.FindingsThe entire laser-assisted ALM process has been analysed and divided on several stages considering the relevant physical phenomena. The entire holistic model consisting of four interrelated submodels has currently been developed to a different extent. The submodels include the CA-based model of powder bed generation, the LBM-CA-based model of heat exchange and transfer, the thermal solid-liquid interface model and the mechanical solid-liquid interface model for continuous liquid flow.Practical implicationsThe results obtained can be used to explain the interaction of the different physical mechanisms in ALM, which is an intensively developing field of advanced manufacturing of metal, non-metal and composite structural parts, for instance, in bio-engineering. The proposed holistic model is considered to be a part of the integrated modelling approach being developed as a numerical tool for investigation of the co-operative relationships between multiphysical phenomena occurring in sequence or simultaneously during heating of the powder bed by the moving high energy heat source, leading to selective powder sintering or melting, fluid flow in the melted pool and through partly (or not) melted material, as well as solidification. The model is compatible with the earlier developed CA-based model for the generation of the powder bed, allowing for decrease in the numerical noise.Originality/valueThe present results are original and new for the study of the complex relationships between multiphysical phenomena occurring during ALM process based on selective laser sintering or melting, including fluid flow and heat transfer, identified as crucial for obtaining the desirable properties.

Simulation of CP-Ti Recrystallization and Grain Growth by a Cellular Automata Algorithm: Simulated Versus Experimental Results

The application of cellular automata in materials science requires the conversion of the automata's rules and abstract general properties to rules and properties associated with the material and phenomena under study. In this paper we propose a model which uses cellular automata to simulate recrystallization and grain growth during isothermal and non-isothermal treatments of cold worked polycrystalline materials. The algorithm's spatial and temporal scaling is based on known experimental results for recrystallization and grain growth in highly cold-worked commercially pure titanium grade 2. In the recrystallization, the best agreement between experimental and computational results in terms of the process kinetics and the average diameter of recrystallized grains is obtained from a nucleation model that considers the temperature-dependent nuclei formation rate. In the simulation of grain growth after primary recrystallization, the results indicate the normal growth of an equiaxed grain structure whose kinetics and dimensions are comparable to those observed experimentally.

Applicability of Cellular Automata in Cryptanalysis

Cryptanalysis refers to finding the plaintext from the given cipher text. The problem reduces to finding the correct key from a set of possible keys, which is basically a search problem. Many researchers have put in a lot of effort to accomplish this task. Most of the efforts used conventional techniques. However, soft computing techniques like Genetic Algorithms are generally good in optimized search, though the applicability of such techniques to cryptanalysis is still a contentious point. This work carries out an extensive literature review of the cryptanalysis techniques, finds the gaps there in, in order to put the proposed technique in the perspective. The work also finds the applicability of Cellular Automata in cryptanalysis. A new technique has been proposed and verified for texts of around 1000 words. Each text is encrypted 10 times and then decrypted using the proposed technique. The work has also been compared with that employing Genetic Algorithm. The experiments carried out prove the veracity of the technique and paves way of Cellular automata in cryptanalysis. The paper also discusses the future scope of the work.

Application of Cellular Automata for a Generative Art System

In this article, the author describes a study that proposes the use of cellular automata (CA) as a useful tool for a creative pattern-generating art system. A one-rule firing CA is used to efficiently represent basic CA patterns. The key idea in this method is to mix basic patterns in order to design complex patterns. Two types of mixing—iterative and hierarchical—are introduced. The results are demonstrated through example patterns, including ornamental and tiling patterns. The concept of an expanded neighborhood is introduced and applied to the generation of flower-like images. The author concludes with several suggestions for future research topics in relation to the proposed method.

Two-dimensional patterns and images reconstruction with use of cellular automata

An approach based on an application of cellular automata (CA) to the problem of two-dimensional (2D) patterns or images reconstruction from ones with only partial information available is presented in the paper. 2D CA are used to process patterns/images, and genetic algorithm (GA) is applied to discover CA rules, which will be able to reconstruct original patterns/images from, e.g. destroyed or modified ones. A number of experiments have been conducted to reconstruct patterns and human face images with use of the proposed approach. Results of experiments show that CA rules discovered by GA in the learning process allow to reconstruct images with large number of damaged pixels.